how big is this number?

a guided tour of combinatorial explosion. bring a snack.

6

R(3,3). invite 6 people to a party and 3 of them are mutual friends or 3 are mutual strangers. guaranteed. with 5 people you can dodge it.

the party problem. greenwood and gleason, 1955

tap or click the right half, or press → / space

18

R(4,4). the same game for groups of 4 needs 18 people. proved in 1955. checking by hand: 2153 colorings of K18's edges.

greenwood and gleason, 1955

43 44 45 46

R(5,5) is one of these four numbers. nobody on earth knows which. erdos said if aliens demand R(5,5) we compute it; if they demand R(6,6) we attack.

angeltveit and mckay pushed R(5,5) ≤ 46 in 2024

160,879
2 petabytes ≈ 2,000 one-terabyte drives. each rectangle is one.

S(5), the 5th schur number. proved by a SAT solver in 2018. the proof certificate is 2 petabytes, the largest proof ever produced.

heule, 2018

a2

my corner of this world: 2-color rado numbers of ax + by = az. my SAT pipeline found they equal a squared, verified past a = 30. small numbers, but ones nobody had written down.

kissat + pysr pipeline · jeffdoesmath.substack.com

2160,879

the number of ways to 2-color the integers the S(5) proof had to rule out. atoms in the observable universe: about 1080. this has digits.

digit count computed live: floor(160879 · log10 2) + 1

g64
g64 = graham's number
g3 = 3 ↑↑⋯↑ 3  (g2 arrows)
g2 = 3 ↑↑⋯↑ 3  (g1 arrows)
g1 = 3 ↑↑↑↑ 3

the ceiling of this tour. an upper bound from a ramsey problem. arrow notation: g1 = 3↑↑↑↑3 already cannot fit in the universe. graham's number is g64. the answer might just be 13.

graham and rothschild, 1971. best known lower bound: 13 (barkley, 2008)

how much disorder can you have before order is forced?

every number here came from the same question. that is ramsey theory. i spend my days asking a SAT solver.

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